Fort William Kolkata – History, Things to Do, Nearest metro, Facts
Fort William stands as a proud symbol of Kolkata’s colonial past. Located on the eastern banks of the Hooghly River, this grand fort represents British power in India during the 18th and 19th centuries. Today, it continues to serve as a key military installation for the Indian Army’s Eastern Command, making it a significant part of the city’s heritage.
History of Fort William
The British East India Company constructed Fort William in the late 17th century. Its purpose was to protect their trade interests and establish dominance over Bengal. Named after King William III of England, the fort witnessed many crucial events during British rule.
The Old Fort (1696-1706)
Completed in 1706, the first version of Fort William had a modest design. However, in 1756, the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, attacked the fort and briefly captured it. This event led to the infamous Black Hole of Calcutta tragedy, where British prisoners suffered in cramped conditions. The British later reclaimed Kolkata and began constructing a new fort to strengthen their defenses.
The New Fort (1758-1781)
In 1758, work on the new and larger Fort William began under the guidance of Major-General John Brohier. Completed in 1781, this new structure boasted an octagonal layout with reinforced walls, bastions, and a protective moat, designed to withstand potential assaults.
Architecture of Fort William
Fort William’s architecture showcases British military ingenuity. The fort spans over 70.9 hectares, making it one of the largest colonial forts in India. Its octagonal design includes six gates, such as the Plassey Gate and Calcutta Gate, which highlight significant battles and events in history.
- Fortification: Thick, impenetrable walls surround the fort, with strategically placed bastions adding extra defense.
- Moat: The wide moat encircling the fort created a natural barrier against invasions.
- Barracks and Armouries: Fort William housed British soldiers, with extensive barracks and armories to store weapons and supplies.
Importance During British Rule
Fort William was the British Army’s headquarters in Eastern India. It allowed the British to control trade routes along the Hooghly River while providing military protection for their settlements. The fort also served as a sanctuary for British officials during conflicts with local rulers.
Fort William Today
While Fort William remains an active military base, visitors cannot access its interior. However, its stunning architecture and history still attract people to its exterior and surrounding areas. The fort’s location within a lush landscape offers a serene contrast to Kolkata’s urban chaos.
Things to Do Around Fort William
Although entry to the fort is restricted, the surrounding areas offer plenty to see and do, immersing visitors in Kolkata’s rich history and culture.
Explore the Maidan
The Maidan, an expansive open field near Fort William, is Kolkata’s largest urban park. Often referred to as the “lungs of Kolkata,” this area is perfect for picnics, morning jogs, or simply unwinding amidst greenery. Visitors can also enjoy the sight of local cricket matches or football games.
Visit Victoria Memorial
Just a short distance from the fort, the Victoria Memorial stands as a tribute to British India’s grandeur. This majestic white marble structure, built in memory of Queen Victoria, houses a museum filled with artifacts from the colonial era. The sprawling gardens that surround the memorial offer a peaceful retreat for visitors.
St. Paul’s Cathedral
A short walk from Fort William, St. Paul’s Cathedral boasts stunning Gothic Revival architecture. Its towering spire, elegant stained glass windows, and rich history make it a must-see landmark in Kolkata.
Also Read: Weekend Getaways from Kolkata
How to Reach Fort William
Fort William is centrally located, making it easily accessible by various means of transport.
By Road
The fort is well connected by road. Visitors can reach it via taxis, private vehicles, or buses, as it is close to the city center.
By Metro
The nearest metro station is Maidan Station on Kolkata’s Blue Line. From there, Fort William is just a short walk away.
By Train
Kolkata’s major railway stations, Howrah and Sealdah, are within easy reach of Fort William. From either station, taxis or app-based cabs provide convenient access to the fort.
Best Time to Visit Fort William
For the best experience, plan your visit between October and February. During these months, the weather is cooler, making it more enjoyable to explore the surrounding attractions, such as the Maidan and Victoria Memorial.
Fun Facts About Fort William
- Active Military Base: Fort William still functions as the headquarters of the Indian Army’s Eastern Command, making it one of the few forts in India still in military use.
- No Public Access: While the fort is a historic site, civilians are not permitted inside due to its operational military status.
- Architectural Blend: The fort’s design incorporates both British military and Indian architectural influences, demonstrating the cross-cultural legacy of the colonial period.
Conclusion
Fort William remains one of Kolkata’s most iconic landmarks, representing the city’s colonial legacy. Its impressive structure, fascinating history, and role as a military stronghold make it a crucial part of Kolkata’s heritage. While visitors may not enter the fort itself, the surrounding areas offer a wealth of history and beauty that showcases Kolkata’s vibrant past.
FAQs about Fort William
- Can civilians visit inside Fort William?
- No, Fort William is an active military base, and civilian access is restricted. Visitors can explore the exterior and the nearby Maidan.
- What is the significance of Fort William?
- Fort William was a key military stronghold for the British during colonial times and continues to serve as the headquarters of the Indian Army’s Eastern Command.
- What is the best time to visit Fort William?
- The best time to visit is during the cooler months, from October to February.
- How far is Fort William from the Victoria Memorial?
- Fort William is located near Victoria Memorial, only a short distance away, making it easy to explore both landmarks in one visit.
- What is the Maidan near Fort William?
- The Maidan is a large urban park adjacent to Fort William. It’s known as the “lungs of Kolkata” and is popular for recreation, sports, and relaxation.
